Jensen JT. Noncontraceptive applications of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Curr Womens Health Rep 2002;2(6):417-22.
Jatlaoui T, Halley EMR, Curtis K. The safety of Intrauterine Devices Among Young Women: A Systematic Review. Contraception 2017;95(1):17-39.
Inki P, Hurskainen R, Palo P, et al. Comparison of ovarian cyst formation in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. hysterectomy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;20(4):381-85.
Ibraheim M, Ikomi A. An evaluation of troublesome inter-menstrual bleeding in menorrhagic users of the LNG-IUS. J Obstet Gynaecol 2005;25(4):384-85.
Hurskainen R, Teperi J, Rissanen P, et al. Clinical outcomes and costs with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or hysterectomy for treatment of menorrhagia randomized trial 5-year follow-up. JAMA 2004;291(12):1456-63.
Hubacher D, Lara-Ricalde R, Taylor DJ, et al. Use of copper intrauterine devices and the risk of tubal infertility among nulligravid women. N Engl J Med 2001;345(8):561-67.
Harrison-Woolrych M, Ashton J, Coulter D. Uterine perforation on intrauterine device insertion: is the incidence higher than previously reported? Contraception 2003;67(1):53-56.
Heikinheimo O, Lehtovirta P, Suni J, et al. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in HIV-infected women—effects on bleeding patterns, ovarian function and genital shedding of HIV. Hum Reprod 2006;21(11):2857-61.
Heinemann K, Reed S, Moehner S, Minh TD. Comparative contraceptive effectiveness of levonorgestrel‐releasing and copper intrauterine devices: the European Active Surveillance Study for Intrauterine Devices. Contraception. 2015;91(4):280‐283.
Grimes DA, Lopez LM, Manion C, et al. Cochrane systematic reviews of IUD trials: lessons learned. Contraception 2007;75(6 Suppl 1):S55-S59.
Grimes D, Schulz K, van Vliet H, et al. Immediate post-partum insertion of intrauterine devices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;1:CD003036.
Grimes DA. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet 2000;356(9234):1013-19.
Furlong LA. Ectopic pregnancy risk when contraception fails: a review. J Reprod Med 2002;47(11):881-85.
French RS, Cowman FM, Mansour D. Levonorgestrel-releasing (20 microgram/day) intrauterine systems (Mirena) compared with other methods of reversible contraceptives. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;107(10):1218-25.
French R, Van Vliet H, Cowan F, et al. Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;2:CD001776.
Farley TM, Rosenberg MJ, Rowe PJ, et al. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease: an international perspective. Lancet. 1992 Mar 28;339(8796):785-788.
Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care Clinical Effectiveness Unit. FFPRHC Guidance (April, 2004). The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in contraception and reproductive health. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 20
Eroglu K, Akkuzu G, Vural G, et al. Comparison of efficacy and complications of IUD insertion in immediate postplacental/early postpartum period with interval period: 1 year follow-up. Contraception 2006;74(5):376-81.
Diaz J, Bahamondes L, Monteiro I, et al. Acceptability and performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena®) in Campinas, Brazil. Contraception 2000: 62(2):59-61.
Davie JE, Walling MR, Mansour DJ, et al. Impact of patient counseling on acceptance of the levonorgestrel implant contraceptive in the United Kingdom. Clin Ther 1996;18(1):150-59.
Chiou CF, Trussell J, Reyes E, Knight K Wallace J. Economic analysis of contraceptives for women. Contraception 2003;68(1):3-10.
Bosco-Levy P, Gouverneur A, Langlade C, Miremont G, Pariente A. Safety of levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system compared to copper intrauterine device: a population-based cohort study. Contraception 2019;99(6): 345-349
Belhadj H, Sivin I, Diaz S, et al. Recovery of fertility after use of the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/d or Copper T 380 Ag intrauterine device. Contraception 1986;34(3):261-67.
Bayer, Inc. Product Monograph. Mirena: Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System (52 mg) to Deliver Up to 20 μg Levonorgestrel per Day. Toronto: Bayer, Inc., 2008.
Barrington JW, Bowen-Simpkins P. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in the management of menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:614-16.
Backman T, Rauramo I, Huhtala S, et al. Pregnancy during the use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190(1):50-54.
Backman T, Huhtala S, Luoto R, et al. Advance information improves user satisfaction with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99(4):608-13.
Averbach et al., 2020: Sarah H Averbach , et al. Expulsion of intrauterine devices after postpartum placement by timing of placement, delivery type, and intrauterine device type: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Aug;22
ndersson K, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97(8):690–94.
Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: a randomized comparative trial. Contraception 1994;49(1):56-72.
Andersson K, Batar I, Rybo G. Return to fertility after removal of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and Nova-T. Contraception 1992;46(6):575-84.
ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 59, January 2005. Intrauterine device. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105(1):223-32.
Infection Prevention and Control-Module 6 Processing surgical instruments and medical devices
Decontamination and reprocessing of Medical devices for Health Care facilities WHO 2016
Providing Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Learning Resource Package (Modular/Facility-Based), Module 7: Hormonal Intrauterine Device (LNG-IUS) (Maternal Child Survival Program, 2017).
The Postpartum Intrauterine Device: A Training Course for Service Providers, Trainer’s Manual (EngenderHealth/The ACQUIRE Project, 2008)
Online resource for global information on hormonal Intrauterine system (IUS)
Job aid on when to use Pregnancy Tests vs. Pregnancy Checklist
Global Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD) Learning Resource Package (LRP)
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs), Second Edition (Pathfinder International, 2008.)
Participant’s Guide
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs), Second Edition (Pathfinder International, 2008.) reference_set-8-details: Trainer’s Guide
Trainer’s Guide
IUD Guidelines for Family Planning Service Programs: A Problem-Solving Reference Manual (Jhpiego, 2006)
Contraception for Women at High Risk of HIV
USAID has published a new technical update, “Contraception for Women at High Risk of HIV,” summarizing the above current evidence and WHO revised guidance regarding the use of contraception by women at high risk of acquiring HIV, specifically that this population group can use all methods of contraception without restriction
WHO updated guidance statement: Contraceptive eligibility for women at high risk of HIV-August 2019
The New app for WHO’s medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use-2019
A digital tool to facilitate the task of family planning providers in recommending safe, effective and acceptable contraceptive methods for women with medical conditions or medically relevant characteristics.
The WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria Wheel for Contraceptive Use (2015)
A tool that makes it easy to identify medical eligibility for use of family planning methods.
The Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (3rd Edition 2016).
This resource provides guidance on how to use contraceptive methods safely and effectively, once they are deemed to be medically appropriate.
The Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (5th edition 2015).
This resource provides guidance on whether people with certain medical conditions can safely and effectively use specific contraceptive methods.
Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers (2022 update)
This book serves as a quick-reference resource for all level of health care workers. It provides practical guidance on delivering family planning methods appropriately and effectively.
